A Conceptual Study on HR in Special Reference Essay Example

A Conceptual Study on HR in Special Reference Essay Example A Conceptual Study on HR in Special Reference Essay A Conceptual Study on HR in Special Reference Essay Abstraction In the present globalized epoch the environmental alterations took topographic point really often. So if an organisation wants to vie in the cut pharynx competition they have to get by up with these alterations. In the past several decennaries. engineering has had a dramatic impact on human resource direction ( HRM ) processes and patterns. For illustration. engineering. particularly the World Wide Web. has helped modify many HR processes including human resource planning. enlisting. choice. public presentation direction. work flow. and compensation. These new systems have enabled HR professionals to supply better service to all of their stakeholders ( e. g. Customers. Shareholders. Suppliers. Government. Employees etc ) and reduced the administrative load in the field. Despite the widespread usage of these systems. there has been a surprising famine of theory and research on the subject. As a consequence. the intent of this particular issue is to ( a ) Human Resource Information System. ( B ) progress theory and research on human resource direction systems ( HRMS ) and electronic human resource direction ( eHRM ) . and ( degree Celsius ) Enhance the effectivity of these systems in organisations. As a consequence. this article reviews the development of HRIS and provides a brief overview of the bing literature. and introduces the article in the particular issue. HRIS is a direction system designed specifically to supply directors with information to do HR determinations. In the present huge cognition economic system information is power. For efficient direction of human assets. HR professional requires accurate and timely informations on Recruitment A ; Selection. Training and Development. Human Resource Planning etc so the purpose of paper is to show a conceptual cognition of HRIS and to research the impact of information system on HR public presentation. Cardinal words: HRM. HRIS. eHRM. HRMS. Stakeholders 1. Introduction Since the outgrowth of the cyberspace throughout the universe around 1995. many concern maps have been transformed. After covering with accounting. finance and selling. many companies are shifted their attendings to happen a better manner of supervising their Human Resource Management ( HRM ) . Many companies are transforming their HRM maps from manual work flow to computerized work flow. Computers have made the undertakings of analysing the enormous sum of human resource informations into a simple undertaking. Computer hardware. package and information base aid organisations maintain and retrieve human resource better and simpler. Harmonizing to Gara ( 2001 ) and Walker ( 1982 ) . a Human Resource Information System ( HRIS ) will assist organisations keep an accurate. complete. updated informations base that can be retrieve when needed from studies and manuals. Then Tannenbaum ( 1990 ) defines an HRIS as a system that will get. shop. manipulate. analyze. retrieve and administer information about an organization’s human resources. Kavanagh et Al. ( 1990 ) defined HRIS as a system used to get. shop. manipulate. analyze. retrieve and administer information about an organization’s human resources. An HRIS is non merely computing machine hardware and associated HR-related package. Although an HRIS includes hardware and package. it besides includes people. signifiers. policies and processs and data . HRIS is a cardinal direction tool which collects. maintain. analyses and studies information on people and occupations. It is a system because it integrates all the relevant information. which otherwise might hold been lying in a disconnected and scattered manner at assorted points ion the larger system ; converts this information in to meaningful decisions or information and makes it accessible to the individuals. who need it for their determinations. It is a construct which utilizes the development of Information Technology for effectual direction of the HR maps and applications. HRIS helps organisations in pull offing all HR information. It helps in recoding and analysing employees and organisational information and paperss. such as employee enchiridion. exigency emptying and safety processs. The nature of HRIS varies among organisations in relation to their size. In little organisations. it tends to be informal whereas in big organisations. it is more formal and coordinated. Lengnick-Hall and Moritz prompt HRIS to be implemented at three different degrees: The publication of information The mechanization of minutess Transformation of HR into a strategic spouse with the line concern 2. HRIS – Why it is needed? Storing information and information for each single employee. Supplying a footing for be aftering. determination devising. controlling and other human resource maps. Meeting day-to-day transactional demands such as taging absent and present and allowing leave. Supplying information and subjecting returns to authorities and other statutory bureaus. Building organisational capablenesss. Job design and organisational construction. Increasing size of work force. Technological progresss Computerized information system Changes in legal environment 3. COMPONENTS OF HRIS There are three major functional constituents of HRIS: Input map – It enters personnel information into the HRIS. Data entry in the yesteryear had been one manner. but today. scanning engineering licenses scanning and storage of existent image of an original papers. including signatures and handwritten notes. Maintenance map – It updates and adds new informations to the database after informations have been entered into the HRIS. Output map – It is the most seeable map of HRIS. In order to bring forth valuable end product for computing machine users. HRIS processes end product. makes necessary computations and formats the presentation. It should be noted that most of import elements of HRIS are non the computing machines. instead. the information. So. the constituents of HRIS should back up cogency. dependability and public-service corporation of information. 4. HRIS APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES Personnel disposal – It will embrace information about each employee. such as name reference. personal inside informations etc. Salary disposal – Salary reappraisal process are of import map of HRM. a good HRIS system must be able to execute what if analysis and show the studies Of alterations. Leave and absence entering - Basically be able to supply comprehensive method of commanding leave/absences. Skill stock list – It is besides used to hive away record of acquired accomplishments and supervise the accomplishment database both employee and organisational degree. Performance assessment - The system should enter single employee public presentation. assessment informations. such as due day of the month of assessment. tonss etc. Human resource planning - HRIS should enter inside informations of the organisational demands in footings of places Recruitment - Record inside informations of enlisting activities such as cost and method of enlisting and clip to make full the place etc. Career be aftering – System must be able to supply with sequence programs studies to place which employee have been earmarked for which place. Corporate bargaining - A computing machine terminus can be positioned in the conference room linked to database. This will hasten dialogues by readily supplying up to day of the month informations based on facts and figures and non feelings and fictions. THE HRIS MODEL [ movie ] 5. Lend VALUES TO HR THROUGH HRIS: HRIS serves two major intents in organisations: HR ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL ROLE: The first intent of an HRIS is to better the efficiency with which informations on employees and HR activities is compiled. Many HR activities can be performed more expeditiously and with less paperwork if automated. HR STRATEGIC ROLE: The 2nd intent of an HRIS is more strategic and related to HR planning. Having accessible informations enables HR planning and managerial determination devising to be based to a greater grade on information instead than trusting on managerial perceptual experience and intuition. 6. HRIS IMPLEMENTATION: Implementing anything is portion of undertaking Management. Implementing HRIS in organisation is a large activity which require support of many stakeholders such functional. HRIT S. IT Vendor and undertaking director. Execution can be divided into given below parts. Need Analysis. Vendor Selection. Process Mapping and complete informations assemblage. Creation/Deployment of HRIS application in Test waiter. Testing by sample users. Pre-deployment preparation to users. Deployment of HRIS in production. Post Training and Support. Feedback. 7. BENEFITS OF HRIS When the administrative undertakings and procedures of any human resources section become overwhelmed. the most appropriate solution would be to implement the human resources information system. Common administrative maps that involve make fulling studies and finishing paperwork take up a batch of clip of the human resource section and this is where the HRIS comes in. Many concerns presents are now recognizing the importance of HRIS and utilizing the package to increase the efficiency of the whole company. The followers are some of the major benefits of HRIS. a. Improves productiveness The HRIS systems assist in heightening both the productiveness and work flow of the human resource section. This is because. all the informations is normally collected and placed in a cardinal database. This is really good since information is traveling to be really easy retrieved from the database. B. Saves clip Through cut downing the entire sum of clip spent on the administrative maps. human resource employees are able to concentrate on other indispensable responsibilities. For illustration. they can transport out other productive maps like making presentations. developing staff members. sequence planning and enrolling since they have adequate clip due to the HRIS system. c. Improves communicating with the employees HRIS creates a database that each employee has entree to and therefore you will be able to pass on better with your employees through the web. It besides has electronic mail scheduling capablenesss that make it really efficient in footings of delegating occupations to assorted employees in a really short period of clip. d. Creates self-service options Due to the fact that all the relevant information refering the company or concern is placed in big database. the employees can be able to entree utile information without holding to pass a batch of clip traveling from one office to the following. At the same clip. it is really easy to update the information in the database for proper disposal. The lone disadvantage is that of import informations refering your company might be stolen peculiarly today where there is a great addition in cyber offense. 8. THE CHALLENGES OF INDUCING HRIS SOFTWARE INCLUDES: Choosing right HRIS seller: The choice of package seller is the most critical of all the determinations. A successful ERP seller is non ever the best supplier of an HR solution. A seller with experience of developing most of the solutions related to human resource. whether in the forces or talent direction spheres or other procedures associated with HR offers a better pick. and if such a seller has the strength of using latest engineering A ; a vision to comprehend the hereafter needs of HR fraternity. he may rate the highest on the graduated table. Mere stigmatization of the merchandises does non needfully intend quality. though it does transport a higher monetary value ticket. Furthermore. a seller supplying complex solutions. for which particular accomplishments may be needed for initial informations entry. care A ; creative activity of direction studies. need non be rated high. If HRIS package can non configure the bing work flows in an organisation and wants the user to accommodate to the Vendor HR processes. it is likely to be heavy both on preparation clip A ; costs and may besides garner opposition to its use at the grass root degree. A dedicated and client oriented seller will travel a stat mi supernumerary to map all client processes on his solution and indicate good in progress the extent of customization required. He may even present a set of best patterns provided by his solution but leave their acceptance to the client. A good HRIS seller is witting of the cost but ever sells quality. Onus of duty – There is a misconception that debut of HRIS can alleviate HR Manager of all duties. To big extent. HRIS can liberate up HR Manager from transactional undertakings. However. it besides brings with it a new set of duties to guarantee that the package is being used and implemented right. The burden of co-operating with the package seller and guaranting successful deployment lies with the client HR director. Over outlooks – Due to overemphasize on the benefits of HRIS package. partly by the media and partly by the selling sections of package sellers. organisations have developed epic outlooks from the package solutions. When the solutions are unable to present these over-expectations. the clients tend to lose assurance in the sellers. The lone manner out is either pre-sales treatments or a clear statement of user outlooks in the signifier of a Request for Proposal ( RFP ) papers. to which the seller responds as per the strengths of his solution. including the extra attempt required for customization. if the same is technically executable. Resistance to alter – Employees at the client location are attitudinally inclined to utilize merely the bing system. They enjoy the loopholes in the procedures. moreso the inability of a manual system to track advancement. Therefore. they offer great opposition to alter. particularly if the alteration calls for the acquisition of new accomplishments by the employee. Their opposition to alter leads to deficiency of enthusiasm and co-operation in successfully implementing package systems. The burden of duty for alteration direction lies wholly with the client. but some sellers do offer HR consultancy as a addendum to their solutions. Training Requirements – HRIS package may hold a wholly new interface. big figure of maps and specially configured work flows. It may demand users to exhibit some degree of expertness in understanding the engineering solution. When faced with the new package. user experiences anxiousness and may expose uncomfortableness in utilizing the system. Such uncomfortableness can ensue in staying ignorant of assorted characteristics. thereby denying to yourself the benefit of full development of the package. A good package seller can decide this issue by supplying on the system preparation to identify forces and fix them as torch carriers. He would besides supply sufficient online aid characteristics to all the users. Configuration and Data transmutation – Configuring package to an organization’s demand and reassigning informations from bing database to new HRIS is another issue that needs to be handled carefully. The bing informations may be either on paper or excel files or in some other signifier of database. Due to ignorance by employees at client location. the information may non come in the new system in the coveted mode. therefore blockading the smooth and efficient operation of the system. besides making an stock list of bugs. Best solution to this malady is for the Vendor to obtain informations from the client as per a standard templet. formalize it with a plan and see initial informations entry as a service provided to the client. Software Mistakes and Bugs – Bugs. mistake and chances for betterment are built-in portion of package. Expecting HR Software to be picture-perfect and without any errors/ skips is unjust. These bugs need non scare people since these can be resolved through common co-operation between the seller and client. Once settled. they do non re-emerge. However. if new bugs surface with higher degrees of development of the package. these should be taken as encouraging signals both by the client and the seller. Work Flow Changes – When you install HRIS package. you besides put in some advanced globally accepted HR patterns and work flows. If you have these patterns for the first clip. some of the members in your organisation may non experience comfy with the alterations. particularly the alteration of work flow. Such alterations should be handled really carefully as they can hold important emotional impact on the squad members. HR should be ready to present benefit of uncertainty to the members who suffer a negative impact due to these alterations and let ample clip for the new work flows to put in. You need penchant and committedness to present systems. Remember this if you are acute to implement HR package solutions. 9. Decision: HRIS has a really broad range in developing states. It is applied in forces disposal. salary disposal. leave/absence entering. skill stock list. medical history. public presentation assessment. preparation and development. HR Planning. enlisting. calling planning. dialogue etc. It is really of import for an organisation to clearly place its system demands before implementing HRIS. This would enable to make up ones mind the appropriate degree of edification of HRIS and would take to optimum use of scarce resource. HRIS database should be used as a individual beginning of all information. This would take to the development of an incorporate HRIS platform for the whole organisation. In today’s corporate universe human resources has come to play a really critical function. Whether it concerns the hiring and fire of employees or whether it concerns employee motive. the Human Resources section of any organisation now enjoys a really cardinal function in non merely explicating company policies. A complete HRIS links all human resources informations from the clip professionals enter pre- service preparation to when they leave the work force. Continuous monitoring and rating is critical in finding what an HRIS is carry throughing. what needs to be improved and whether consequences are being achieved. In future. Human Resource Professionals will be more dependent on higher degree and incorporate HRIS attacks in order to back up more complex every bit good as free signifiers of organisations. 10. Mentions: 1. Prof. Bhavsar C. Anil. A conceptual paper on HRIS vol. 1. Issue. v/Nov. 2011pp. 1-4. 2. Gara. S. J. ( 2001 ) . How an HRIS can impact HR: a complete paradigm displacement for the twenty-first century. Society for Human Resource Management ( SHRM ) White Paper. Retrieved November 11. 2002. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. shrm. org/whitepeper/documents/default. asp? page=63001. asp 3. Kovach. K. A. . A ; Cathcart. C. E. ( 1999 ) . Human resource information systems: supplying concern with rapid informations entree. information exchange and strategic advantage. Public Personnel Management. 28 ( 2 ) . 275-282. 4. Tannenbaum. S. I. ( 1990 ) . HRIS: user group deductions. Journal of Systems Management. 41 ( 1 ) . 27-32. 5. Walker. A. J. ( 1982 ) . HRIS Development: A Project Team Guide to Building and Effective Personal Information System. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 6. Lengnick-Hall. Mark L. and Moritz Steve ( 2003 ) . The Impact of e-HR on the Human Resource Management Function . Journal of Labor Research. 24 ( 3 ) . pp. 365-379. Book 1. Hilkka Poutanen. DEVELOPING THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP. Acta Univ. Oul. A 553. 2010. ISBN 978-951-42-6171-8 ( Paperback ) . 2. Mohan Thite A ; Michael J. Kavanagh. Development of Human Resource Management and Human Resource Information Systems The Role of Information Technology . TMH. 3. Michael D. Bedell. Michael Canniff A ; Cheryl Wyrick. Systems Considerations in the Design of an HRIS Planning for Implementation . TMH

How the McCormick Reaper Revolutionized Farming

How the McCormick Reaper Revolutionized Farming Cyrus McCormick, a blacksmith in Virginia, developed the first practical mechanical reaper to harvest grain in 1831 when he was only 22 years old. His machine, at first a local curiosity, proved to be enormously important. In the decades following McCormicks first attempts to bring mechanical aid to farm work, his invention would revolutionize farming in the United States and around the world. Early Experiments McCormicks father had earlier tried to invent a mechanical device for harvesting but gave up on it. But in the summer of 1831 the son took up the job and labored for about six weeks in the family blacksmith shop.   Confident he had worked out the tricky mechanics of the device, McCormick demonstrated it at a local gathering place, Steeles Tavern. The machine had some innovative features that would make it possible for a farmer to harvest grain faster than could ever be done by hand. As the demonstration was later described, local farmers were at first puzzled by the peculiar contraption that looked like a sled with some machinery on top of it. There was a cutting blade and spinning parts which would hold grain heads while the stalks were being cut. As McCormick began the demonstration, the machine was pulled through a wheat field behind a horse. The machinery began to move, and it was suddenly apparent that the horse pulling the device was doing all the physical work. McCormick only had to walk beside the machine and rake the wheat stalks into piles which could be bound as usual. The machine worked perfectly and McCormick was able to use it that year in the fall harvest. Business Success McCormick produced more of the machines, and at first, he only sold them to local farmers. But as word of the machines amazing functionality spread, he began selling more. He ultimately started a factory in Chicago. The McCormick Reaper revolutionized agriculture, making it possible to harvest large areas of grain much faster than could have been done by men wielding scythes. Because farmers could harvest more, they could plant more. So McCormicks invention of the reaper made the possibility of food shortages, or even famine, less likely. It was said that before McCormicks machinery changed farming forever, families would have to struggle to cut enough grain during the fall to last them until the next harvest. One farmer, highly skilled at swinging at scythe, might only be able to harvest two acres of grain in a day. With a reaper, one man with a horse could harvest large fields in a day. It was thus possible to have much larger farms, with hundreds or even thousands of acres. The earliest horse-drawn reapers made by McCormick cut the grain, which fell onto a platform so it could be raked up by a man walking alongside the machine. Later models consistently added practical features, and McCormicks farm machinery business grew steadily. By the end of the 19th century, McCormick reapers did not just cut wheat, they could also thresh it and put it into sacks, ready for storage or shipment. At the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, McCormick exhibited his latest model. The American machine was the source of much curiosity. McCormicks reaper, during a competition held at an English farm in July 1851, outperformed a British-made reaper. When the McCormick reaper was returned to the Crystal Palace, the site of the Great Exhibition, word had spread. In the crowds attending the exhibition, the machine from America became a must-see attraction. In the 1850s McCormicks business grew as Chicago became the center of the railroads in the Midwest, and his machinery could be shipped to all parts of the country. The spread of the reapers meant that American grain production also increased. It has been noted that McCormicks farming machines may have had an impact on the Civil War, as they were more common in the North. And that meant farmhands going off to war had less impact on grain production. In the South, where hand tools were more common, the loss of farm hands to the military had much more impact. In the years following the Civil War the company founded by McCormick continued to grow. When workers at McCormicks factory struck in 1886, events surrounding the strike led to the Haymarket Riot, a watershed event in American labor history.

Human resources organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human resources organization - Assignment Example I will set the goal of group deadlines for returning feedback and specific responsibilities and deadlines for each training lesson amongst the group members. They will be assessed on their current standing especially Susan and Hari for their laid-back attitude and late submission of work and how the other members cover up for them. This obstacle will be provided with options like formulating a time table or increasing work hours to avoid further delays or delegating and splitting the work into smaller easily attainable tasks. The best option will be implemented. Then the outcome/progress must be reviewed against objectives and analysis of the trainees; if unsuccessful then the strategy must be revised and trainers will be threatened of job security. If it works then it is an ongoing process. Setting and monitoring management strategies is never a static operation.

Mid-term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mid-term Paper - Essay Example This way of conceptualization of the past is has increasingly been used in a number of field sciences such as geology and biology. In archaeology, uniformitarianism is one of the major concepts that have always been widely used to conceptualize the past. For example, many archaeologists believe that the contemporary natural laws and other processes in the universe have always operated in the past as they are today. Uniformitarianism is a theory on the gentle, natural progressions that were experimental on the landscape. It suggested that ice could corrode rocks and sediments as well could accrue and form various new terrestrial land forms in the earth (David, 341). Consequently uniformitarianism is currently widely used as the key principle in a number of fields of sciences such as geology and archaeology. The other ways that have widely been used to conceptualize the past include catostrophism, transmutation and gradualism. Tthe concept of gradualism as used in archaeology is based on the theory that gradual changes occur over time. The theory of uniformitarianism particularly suggested that landscape development occurred over long periods of time as a result of a number of gradual geomorphic and geologic processes. It shows that the present is the key to the past and it was a direct denunciation to the predominant philosophy of the time, catastrophism which held that only violent adversities could adjust the outward of the world. Generally the concepts of uniformitarianism, gradualism, and catostrophism among others have widely been used not only to conceptualize the past but also to help understand the important geological processes that have occurred in the universe and how such processes have influenced events (Baker, 243). Time plays a significant role in all the three concepts and archaeologists have discovered a number of pieces of evidence to support some of these ideas and concepts. How uniformitarianism is used in the conceptualization of the past Ge ologists, Historians and archaeologists often study the remains of the past gologic activity as well as the records of the ancient human civilizations to provide evidence of the specific time and of such activities in history. The concept of uniformitarianism has been widely used by scientists not only to help in the reconstruction of the history of the earth but also to create a timeline of events throughout the history. According to Browman and Douglas (88), black rocks with porous surfaces can be used by geologists as an evidence of the past events. It is however worth noticing that although the idea that there are uniform laws governing the processes of nature, it is often difficult to prove beyond uncertainty what actually took place in the past. In archaeology, the concept of uniformitarianism is rather a process of making an educated guess based on objective and observational evidence found in the material remains. Today, many archaeologists suggest the continuing uniformity of the universal processes can be used as a framework to understand how landforms and some aspects of nature come to be. This is particularly based on the assumption that the processes currently taking place are the same processes that actually took

Questions Essay Example for Free

Questions Essay 1.) It cannot be denied that the Catholic Church greatly affected the development of the Science of Astronomy or it would be more appropriate to say that the Catholic Church hinders the development of Astronomy. In the early times, the Church persecuted those who are trying to seek the reality about the universe, the outer space and those found in it such as Galileo, Tycho Brahe and the likes.   Because of the power of the Church at that time, many who seek the truth in the field of astronomy had been de-motivated. There are only few persons who were willing to oppose the church and to continue their work in the field of astronomy. Others, after finding something that contradict the views and beliefs of the Church, kept their findings for themselves, not letting the world of their discoveries because of the fear of persecution. As a result, there had been few published books or articles regarding developments in the field of astronomy that contradicts the view of the church. Thus, the church really hinders the development of astronomy because it contradicts their beliefs and teachings and was creating doubts in the perfection of the universe. It took a very long time to be able to accept developments and new knowledge in astronomy. 2.) Tides refer to the alternating rise and fall of sea level within a day. What causes the sea level to change? It is actually the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon that cause waters of the ocean to swell and recede at different parts of the earth. The earth and the moon are two great masses that have a significant gravitational pull on each other. This keeps the moon in orbit around the earth, and it is also what causes tides to occur in the ocean. The fact that there are two tide cycles a day instead of just one can be cogently explained. Although we commonly think of the moon as revolving around the Earth they both revolve around their common center of gravity. The revolution of the earth and the moon about their own center of gravity counterbalanced the gravitational attraction between them. This balance in between the centrifugal force and the gravitational force between the earth and the moon appear exactly at their centers, in the center of the earth and the moon. The earth experiences gravitational and centrifugal forces resulting in the earth’s water to assume ellipsoidal. As the earth turns upon its own axis in about 24 hours, a point on the earth moves through areas with these different forces acting on it. In one rotation (one day), a point on earth travels from an area of high tide, where the earth’s water is being pulled outward, to an area of low tide where the earth’s water is being pulled inward, trough another area of high tide which is the opposite pull to another area of low tide. Then it will return to its point of origin at high tide. Thus, two high tides and low tides can be observed instead of just one in a day. 3.)  Johannes Kepler was born in Wurttemberg in 1571 and died in 1630. He received an excellent and wide-ranging education in Lutheran Schools and at the University of Tubingen. He hoped to follow a carrier in the church, but he wrote paper on an astronomical subject that came to the attention of Tycho Brahe, now at Prague, and Tycho invited the young man to join him as his assistant. After much soul searching, Kepler accepted, and when Tycho died the next year, in 1601, Kepler was appointed imperial mathematician in his place and inherited Tycho’s large body of accurate astronomical observations. Kepler’s greatest contribution was a set of three laws of planetary motion that solved the problem of epicycles and eccentric orbits once and for all. The first of the new laws made a substantial change in the Aristotelian system, for it asserted that planetary motion is not uniformly circular. The planets do not travel in eccentric circles around the sun, but in ellipses, with the sun at one of the two foci of the ellipse. Kepler’s ellipses were very close to circles, which explained why the previous assumption of circular orbits had adequately explained the phenomena as long as observations remained relatively inaccurate. The new assumption was correct within the limits of observational accuracy of the time and required no further adjustments, no eccentricities, no epicycles, and no tricks of any kind. Kepler’s second law of planetary motion asserted that a radius vector joining a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time. What this mean is that in a certain time, a planet will travel more quickly along its orbit when it is closer to the sun than when it is farther away from it. This brilliant insight, a major inspiration to Newton, applies to all bodies moving in fields of force, not just planets. It explained most of the discrepancies between astronomical theory and observation. The third law asserted a mathematical relation between the periods of revolution and of the planets and their distance from the sun. Discovering this law was a remarkable achievement considering the primitive instruments Kepler had at his proposal. Kepler spent many years not only advancing his ideas about these laws and preparing Tycho’s tables of observation for publication, but also mulling over what he recognized as the great remaining unsolved problem of planetary motion: the motivation whereby the planets revolved around the sun. What holds the planets in their orbits and what drives them ever forward.

Society’s Attitude Towards Under Privileged Children in the Novel Olive

Society’s Attitude Towards Under Privileged Children in the Novel Oliver Twist ‘Oliver Twist’ is one of Charles Dickens most enduringly popular novels. Best known for his host of distinctively cruel, comic and repugnant characters, Charles Dickens remains the most widely read of the Victorian novelists. ‘Oliver Twist’, a meek, mild young boy, is born in the workhouse and spends his early years there until, finding the audacity to ask for more food, â€Å"Please, sir, I want some more.† he is made to leave. Oliver represents the underprivileged children in this novel. Dickens shows us society’s attitude towards Oliver and the under privileged children, they were abused, beaten and â€Å"brought up by hand.† ‘Oliver Twist’ is a criticism of the workhouses, the judicial system and the criminal world of London society of the time. Dickens use of satire and descriptive style conveys the pain of the unfortunate to the reader. His narrative skills are loaded with biting sarcasm and irony making the novel a chilling revelation of the life of the orphans. Dickens was a lifelong champion of the poor. He himself suffered the harsh abuse visited upon the poor by the English legal system, as he himself was an orphan. In England in the 1830s, the poor had no voice, political or economically. In Oliver Twist, he presents the everyday existence of the lowest characters of English society. He goes far beyond the experiences of the workhouse, extending his depiction of poverty to London’s squalid streets, dark alehouses, and thieves’ dens, he gives voice to those who had no voice, showing us a link between politics and literature with his language techniques and social commentary. The novel is that of a young individual boy but t... ...y to make us visualize the19th century London. Characters such as Mr.Brownlow, Nancy, Ms. Rose, all give comfort to Oliver’s life but filthy characters such Fagin and Sikes never allow Oliver to be in peace. Dickens shows us how society can change the life of a person. The different classes of society all have good and bad. But in the end we know that good prevails over evil. The novel has made me realize that I can survive under any circumstances if I keep hope and keep praying like Oliver did, have more faith. The novel also inspires me as good prevails over evil and always will. The novel is also an eye opener for me as it teaches me to appreciate the comforts of my life as I have a home to live in, love from my parents, food to eat everyday and it teaches me to be more understanding and gentle towards younger people who are less fortunate than me.

Master and slave operation Essay

Bluetooth devices exist in small ad-hoc network configuration with the ability to operate as either master or the slave; the specification also allows a mechanism for master and slave to switch their roles. The configurations can be single point, which is the simplest configuration with one master and one slave. Multipoint, called a Piconet, based on up to 7 slaves clustered around a single Master. And a third type called a Scatternet, this is a group of Piconets effectively hubbed via a single Bluetooth device acting as a master in one Piconet and a slave in the other Piconet. The Scatternet permits either larger coverage areas or number of devices than a single Piconet can offer. Figure 5 outlines the different master and slave topologies permitted for networks in the standard (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†). The role of the master is to control the available bandwidth between the slaves, it calculates and allocates how often to communicate with each slave and locks them into the appropriate frequency hopping sequence. The specification describes an algorithm that calculates the hop sequence, the seed being based on the master’s device address and clock. In addition to hop sequence control, the master is responsible for transmit control by dividing the network into a series of time slots amongst the net members, as part of a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme. These time slots can consist of data and potentially additional voice traffic i. e. you will always need a data channel before you can add a voice channel. The time slot is defined as 625  µs and all packet traffic is allocated 1, 3 or 5 slots, grouped together in transmit and receive pairs. Prior to connection some operations such as inquiry, paging and scanning operations may sometimes occur on half slots (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†). Figure 5: Point to point, Piconet and Scatternet. A. 2. 3 Voice and Data Links. Bluetooth carries communication traffic over two types of air interface links defined as Asynchronous ConnectionLess (ACL) or Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO). During a connection the links carry voice and data traffic in the time slots and are categorised as either time critical, as used for voice and audio, or high speed non-time critical data with a mechanism for acknowledgement and re-transmission. The first link established between master and slave is the ACL link and carries high speed data that is insensitive to time. It is packet switched, as the data is sporadic in nature, asynchronous, contains asymmetric and symmetric services and uses a polling access scheme. A master may be permitted to have a number of ACL links up to the maximum number of slaves permitted by the specification but only one link is allowed between any two devices (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†). Once an ACL has been established a SCO link can be created on top of the ACL link. The SCO link is circuit switched; it has symmetric synchronous services and has slot reservation at fixed intervals, making it suitable for time critical data such as voice. The specification restricts the number of SCO links that a master can support to three. Summarising the two types of links: ACL ? Packet constructed of a 72 bit access code, a 54 bit packet header, a 16 bit CRC and Payload data ? Largest data packet is DH5 giving 723. 2 Kb/s as highest data rate in one direction. ? Non time critical data ? Asynchronous ? Packet switched ? Polling access SCO ? Same access code and header as ACL packets ? ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and SEQ (SEQuence) flags redundant since flow control and re-transmissions do not apply ? Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) field is absent? Payload fixed at 30 bytes, with source data of 10, 20 or 30 bytes ? Circuit switched ? Symmetric synchronous services ? Slot reservation at fixed intervals A special case exists that mixes SCO and ACL packets. Known as the Data Voice (DV) packet it carries data and voice on regular intervals like the SCO. The voice data has no flow control or CRC as per SCO packets, whereas the data part of the DV packet has flow control, re-transmission of the data part is permitted and the data part is CRC protected (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†).

Hope: Inferiority Complex and Separate Ingredients Essay

I’ve always found that misconceptions can affect attitude. Sometimes we get too wrapped up in life’s details. The separate ingredients of culture and lifestyle captivate us so throughly that we lose our perspective on life itself. We scurry like mice through a hedge maze–the real beauty of life lies just beyond the bushes, and what is that beauty? Simplicity is what it is. As T. Allen Culpepper, the author of The Myth of Inferiority explains in his article, hope quickly grows dim when the obstecales of life throw their knock-out punches ( Culpepper, 300) Simplicity is the secret key that unlocks the shackles of confusion, and inferiority. and Confusion and inferiority is what we visualize so much of life to be? In some cases, and without hope, life nearly becomes as difficult as a Chinese fire drill. People need a new outlook; the outlook of faith, simple childlike faith. We need to hold onto hope. We should not allow low performance standards sloppy work, plagiarism, misseddeadlines, chronic absence, and other academic sins because so many people claimto have hard lives (Culpepper. pg. 300). Hope grows dim very fast when the strange twists of life throw their knock-out punches. After being badly beaten by pain or grief or loss, who cares about hope anyway? Who is excited about beginning again? The answer is almost nobody. Like a boxer who has taken eleven rounds of pummeling that last fall. to the canvas feels good. It feels good enough to keep a dizzy man down. Fighting four more rounds loses its luster, but why does he want so badly to get up? The answer is he still hopes to win. As Culpepper states, to lower our standards is to accept the false assumption that students at community colleges are inferior (Culpepper pg. 301). We are too easily buffaloed by our emotions. We immediately give in to the whims of our feelings therfore we can quickly lose our sense of worth. Millions of people like to be frightened by horror movies or scary tales. They relish reading anything with the element of suspense. Fictional suspense can be entertaining and healthy. However, we must not listen to the fictional fears our emotions so often create for us. We have to keep a real strongold in this life.

The Preludes

The Preludes WinterYou tossed a blanket from the bed, You lay upon your back, and waited; You dozed, and watched the night revealing The thousand sordid images Of which your soul was constituted; They flickered against the ceiling. And when all the world came back And the light crept up between the shutters And you heard the sparrows in the gutters, You had such a vision of the street As the street hardly understands; Sitting along the bed's edge, where You curled the papers from your hair, Or clasped the yellow soles of feet In the palms of both soiled hands.This part is very easier because we already have many images and ideas about the situation in one and two. You should notice that in this part in line 10. You had such a vision of the street. Last time we were talking about the pronounces. Who is the persona? Do we have other characters? Line 10 gives us an evidence to link part 3 to part 2 to part 1.Persona (EP)It is one poem. All the parts should discuss the settling down of the winter eve ning. Now, we have such a vision of the street. The vision already happened in part 1. He goes to many experiences. Now, he has a vision of the street which means that it is the same persona addressing himself.You curled the papers from your hair,Some critics say that this proves to be a girl. No, it is not a girl. We had a lot of garbage and papers in part 1. So, because he was there in the street, his hair is dirty. Now, it is the time to clean himself.You tossed a blanket from the bed,It seems that in part 3, the persona has found a place. It...

Opossum Facts (Order Didelphimorphia)

Opossum Facts (Order Didelphimorphia) The opossum (order Didelphimorphia) is the only marsupial found in the Americas. The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the single species found in the United States, but at least 103 species occur in the Western Hemisphere. The word opossum comes from the Powhatan or Algonquian name for the animal, which roughly translates as white dog. Although the opossum is commonly called a possum, some marsupials in the Eastern Hemisphere are also called possums (suborder Phalangeriformes). Fast Facts: Opossum Scientific Name: Order Didelphimorphia (e.g., Didelphis virginiana)Common Names: Opossum, possumBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 13-37 inches plus 8-19 inch tailWeight: 11 ounces to 14 poundsLifespan: 1-2 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: North, Central, and South AmericaPopulation: Abundant and increasing (Virginia opossum)Conservation Status: Least Concern (Virginia opossum) Description Didelphimorphs range from the size of a rodent to that of a domestic cat. The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), which is also known as the North American opossum, varies in size according to its habitat and sex. Opossums in the northern portion of their range are much larger than those that live further south. Males are much larger than females. On average, the Virginia opossum ranges from 13 to 37 inches in length from nose to the base of the tail, with a tail adding another 8 to 19 inches of length. Males weight between 1.7 and 14 pounds, while females weigh between 11 ounces and 8.2 pounds. Virginia opossums have gray or brown fur and white, pointed faces. They have hairless prehensile tails, hairless ears, and opposable thumbs on their rear paws. As with other marsupials, the female has a bifurcated vagina and a pouch, while the male has a forked penis. Opossums have prehensile tails and opposable thumbs on their rear feet. Frank Lukasseck, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Opossums live in North, Central, and South America. The only species found in North America is the Virginia opossum, which lives along the West Coast of the United States, and from the Midwest all the way to the East Coast and throughout most of Mexico and Central America. However, climate change has been extending the Virginia opossums range into Canada. Although the opossum prefers a wooded habitat, it is highly adaptable and often lives in urban environments. Diet The opossum is a nocturnal omnivore. It is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carcasses, garbage, pet food, eggs, fruit, grain, and other plants. Opossums also eat insects, other small invertebrates, birds and their eggs, rodents, and frogs. Behavior The opossum is best known for playing possum or playing dead. When a possum is threatened, it initially responds by hissing and baring its teeth, but further stimulation triggers an involuntary response that puts the animal in a near-coma state. The possum falls onto its side with open eyes and mouth and expels a stinky fluid from its anus that basically causes it to smell like rotten meat. Its heart rate and breathing slow, but the animal remains fully conscious. The response repels predators that avoid carcasses. Playing possum isnt under the opossums control, so an opossum knows what is going on around it, but cant simply get up and leave when a threat has passed. The feigned death may last a few minutes or up to six hours. Playing possum is an involuntary response to a perceived threat. Joe McDonald, Getty Images Opossums do not hibernate in winter. Since they dont dig dens or build burrows, the animals seek shelter when temperatures drop. In cold habitats, they commonly overwinter in garages, sheds, or under homes. Reproduction and Offspring The average opossum estrous cycle is 28 days, but the number of litters they bear per year depends on the species. The Virginia opossum breeds between December and October, with most young born February through June. The female has between one and three litters per year. Opossums are solitary animals. The male attracts the female by making a clicking sound. The pair separates after mating. As marsupials, females give birth to numerous young (as many as 50) very early in development. The young climb from their mothers vagina to teats within her pouch. A female only has 13 teats, so at most 13 young may survive. Typically only eight or nine young, called joeys, emerge from the pouch after two and a half months. The joeys climb onto their mothers back and stay with her for four or five months before venturing out on their own. In the wild, an opossum lives one to two years. This short lifespan is typical of marsupials. In captivity, an opossum may live up to four years, but it still ages rapidly. Conservation Status The conservation status of the opossum depends on the species. Some species are threatened or extinct. The only type of opossum found in North America is the Virginia opossum, which the IUCN classifies as least concern. Although hunted, trapped, and accidentally killed, Virginia opossums are abundant and generally increasing in population. Opossums and Humans The major cause of opossum mortality is motor vehicle collision. Opossums are hunted for fur and food. Their fat is high in essential fatty acids and may be used in therapeutic skin salves. Although not aggressive, the opossum is not an ideal pet. First, its illegal to keep an opossum as a pet in many states unless you have a wildlife rehabilitation license or wildlife hobby permit. Even then, the creatures are challenging to keep because they are nocturnal animals that require a varied diet and have inherently short lifespans. Wild opossums are useful to have around because they control tick, rodent, and snake populations. Unlike many mammals, they arent susceptible to rabies. Sources De Barros, M. A.; Panattoni Martins, J. F.; Samoto, V. Y.; Oliveira, V. C.; Gonà §alves, N.; Manà §anares, C. A.; Vidane, A.; Carvalho, A. F.; Ambrà ³sio, C. E.; Miglino, M. A. Marsupial morphology of reproduction: South America opossum male model. Microscopy Research and Technique. 76 (4): 388–97, 2013.  Gardner, A.L. Order Didelphimorphia. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 6, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.McManus, John J. Behavior of Captive Opossums, Didelphis marsupialis virginiana, American Midland Naturalist, 84 (1): 144–169, July, 1970. doi:10.2307/2423733Mithun, Marianne. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. p. 332, 2001. ISBN 978-0-521-29875-9.Pà ©rez-Hernandez, R., Lew, D. Solari, S. Didelphis virginiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T40502A22176259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40502A2217 6259.en

Daily Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Daily Assignment - Essay Example 3. The Americans rural economies reinforced the elements of tradition society via numerous ways such as holding cultural events maintain videos and recordings that may help the future generation to understand their traditions. They perform thanks giving ceremonies to reinforce their traditions. Further, the maintain museums and monument sites to foster the elements of tradition society. 4 Slavery and free labour affected social surplus in the sense that it infringed some members of the society whereby, those subjected to slavery to produced surplus labour which benefited those who did not work. This means that the output was maldistributed because there was unequal allocation of resources. 5 The elements of command that still exist in the U.S today include: the economy has a very powerful sectors of the government. A part from labour all other factors of production are owned by the state. The government plans how resources are going to be distributed among various economic sectors. 6 The specific difference between Agricultural society and industrial society is that agricultural society is based on farming while Industrial society is based on application of machines to produce. Further, agricultural society produces raw materials while industrial society converts raw materials into finished products. 7 I would consider Serf to have been exploited by their Feudal Lords because they were underpaid despite doing complex jobs. The benefit gained by Serfs according to Feudal lords is the benefit of security, place to stay and land for farming. The cost involved was that, Serf had to pay some fee for the use of land to the Lords, further they were supposed to work in the houses and fields as feudal lords slaves. 8 The difference between guild and modern business is that, during ancient periods women could not be members of guilt unlike today where women are members. Guild required members to learn, keep and pass trade skills to the